By TRUNNANO | 28 February 2024 | 0 Comments
Preparation method of alkyl glycosides
Alkyl Glycosides, abbreviated as APG, are formed by the catalytic dehydration of glucose hemiacetal hydroxyl groups and fatty alcohol hydroxyl groups. Alkyl Glycoside is a new, highly efficient, non-toxic, biodegradable, nonionic surfactant with good surface activity. The raw materials required for its production are glucose and fatty alcohol derived from renewable natural resources. After compounding, it can be formed into the surfactant with the best performance at present. APG has excellent performance with strong foaming power, stable foam, good wettability, excellent compatibility, low irritation to the human body, and low toxicity, and it can be rapidly biodegraded. APG is the only non-toxic grade in the world, which can be called non-toxic grade; therefore, APG is regarded as a "world-class" surfactant with its superior performance.
Alkyl Glycosides can be used in the daily chemical industry, textile industry, pesticide industry, food industry, oil extraction industry, etc. Alkyl glycosides are the general name of monoside and polyside. In general, even if the reaction of monosaccharides and fatty alcohols is often a product containing both monoside and polyside mixtures, it is customary to refer to such mixtures as alkyl polyglucosides, still expressed as APG.
Alkyl glycoside series surfactants are different from traditional surfactants. Firstly, it is derived from natural raw materials and does not contain ethylene oxide or other chemical solvents; secondly, the hydrophilic and lipophilic parts of its molecular structure are connected by particularly stable glycosidic ether chains (-C-O-C-), which are very stable under the environment of strong acids or strong bases, and will not undergo hydrolysis; thirdly, alkyl glycoside emulsifiers of the series have a very strong ability to promote the formation of lamellar liquid crystals in the formulations, and thus can Thirdly, alkyl glycoside series emulsifiers have strong ability to promote the formation of layered liquid crystals in the formulation, so it can improve the moisturising effect of emulsion, and it has good slow-release effect for functional products; fourthly, alkyl glycoside series emulsifiers have good compatibility with vegetable oil, mineral oil, silicone oil, sunscreen agent, powder, pigment, and a variety of active ingredients (AHA, plant extracts, etc.).
Preparation method
Alkyl glycosides are prepared by the Fischer method, Koenigs-Knorr method, tin tetrachloride method, starch degradation method, enzyme-catalyzed method, direct glycoside method (one-step method), and trans glycoside method (two steps method). Among the industrial production methods, direct glycosidation and transglycosylation methods have been reported in most studies.
1. Transglycosylation method
The two-step method adopts the action of acid catalysts such as sulphuric acid, p-toluene sulphonic acid, or sulfosuccinate acid, the reaction between sugars and low-carbon alcohols (such as methanol, butanol, and diethylene glycol) to generate low-carbon alkyl glycosides before reacting with high-carbon alcohols to obtain high-carbon alcohol alkyl glycosides.
2. Direct method
The one-step method uses the number of carbon atoms for 8 ~ 18 of the fatty alcohols at a certain temperature and under certain catalyst conditions and glucose direct reaction to produce alkyl glycosides. In addition to commonly used catalysts such as sulfuric acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid, with emulsifying properties of acid catalysts such as dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, dodecyl sulfonic acid, and alkyl naphthalene sulfonic acid is more conducive to glycosidic reaction, reducing the generation of polysaccharides. The one-step method is that glucose directly reacts with dodecanol to produce APG, which is a simple process suitable for large-scale industrial production, with good product quality, low cost, and no three-waste pollution.
High-Quality Alkyl Glycosides Suppliers
TRUNNANO is a globally recognized manufacturer and supplier of compounds with over 12 years of expertise in high-quality nanomaterials and other materials. The company has developed a wide range of chemicals. OEM service is available. If you need Alkyl Glycosides, please get in touch with us.
Alkyl Glycosides can be used in the daily chemical industry, textile industry, pesticide industry, food industry, oil extraction industry, etc. Alkyl glycosides are the general name of monoside and polyside. In general, even if the reaction of monosaccharides and fatty alcohols is often a product containing both monoside and polyside mixtures, it is customary to refer to such mixtures as alkyl polyglucosides, still expressed as APG.
Preparation method
Alkyl glycosides are prepared by the Fischer method, Koenigs-Knorr method, tin tetrachloride method, starch degradation method, enzyme-catalyzed method, direct glycoside method (one-step method), and trans glycoside method (two steps method). Among the industrial production methods, direct glycosidation and transglycosylation methods have been reported in most studies.
1. Transglycosylation method
The two-step method adopts the action of acid catalysts such as sulphuric acid, p-toluene sulphonic acid, or sulfosuccinate acid, the reaction between sugars and low-carbon alcohols (such as methanol, butanol, and diethylene glycol) to generate low-carbon alkyl glycosides before reacting with high-carbon alcohols to obtain high-carbon alcohol alkyl glycosides.
2. Direct method
The one-step method uses the number of carbon atoms for 8 ~ 18 of the fatty alcohols at a certain temperature and under certain catalyst conditions and glucose direct reaction to produce alkyl glycosides. In addition to commonly used catalysts such as sulfuric acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid, with emulsifying properties of acid catalysts such as dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, dodecyl sulfonic acid, and alkyl naphthalene sulfonic acid is more conducive to glycosidic reaction, reducing the generation of polysaccharides. The one-step method is that glucose directly reacts with dodecanol to produce APG, which is a simple process suitable for large-scale industrial production, with good product quality, low cost, and no three-waste pollution.
High-Quality Alkyl Glycosides Suppliers
TRUNNANO is a globally recognized manufacturer and supplier of compounds with over 12 years of expertise in high-quality nanomaterials and other materials. The company has developed a wide range of chemicals. OEM service is available. If you need Alkyl Glycosides, please get in touch with us.
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