What is silicon nitride? Silicon nitride is an inorganic substance with the chemical formula Si3N4. Gray, white or grayish white. The relative molecular weight is 140.28. It is an important structural ceramic material with high hardness. It has lubricity and wear resistance, is an atomic crystal, and is antioxidant at high temperature. Except hydrofluoric acid and hot phosphoric acid, it does not react with other inorganic acids and has strong corrosion resistance. And it can also resist cold and hot shock, heating in the air to more than 1000℃, rapid cooling and then rapid heating, will not be broken. Because silicon nitride ceramic has such excellent characteristics, it is often used to manufacture mechanical components such as bearings, gas turbine blades, mechanical sealing rings, and permanent moulds. If silicon nitride ceramic which is resistant to high temperature and not easy to heat transfer is used to manufacture the heating surface of engine parts, it can not only improve the quality of the engine, save fuel, but also improve the thermal efficiency.
How to produce silicon nitride ceramics? There are two main production methods of silicon nitride ceramic products: reaction sintering and hot-pressing sintering. The reaction sintering method is to form the mixture of silicon powder or silicon powder and silicon nitride powder according to the general production method of ceramic products. Then in the nitriding furnace, pre-nitriding at 1150-1200℃, after obtaining a certain strength, it can be machined on the machine tool. It is then further nitrided at 1350-1450℃ for 18-36h until all of it is changed to silicon nitride. In this way, the size of the product is accurate and the volume is stable. The hot-pressing sintering rule is that silicon nitride powder and a small amount of additives (such as MgO, Al2O3, MgF2, AlF3 or Fe2O3, etc.) are pressed and sintered at the pressure above 19.6MPa and at 1600℃ to 1700℃. Generally speaking, the product prepared by hot pressing sintering has higher density and better performance than that prepared by reaction sintering.
What is silicon nitride ceramic used for? Silicon nitride ceramics have the characteristics of high strength and high temperature resistance. among the ceramic materials, silicon nitride ceramics have the best comprehensive mechanical properties, thermal shock resistance, oxidation resistance, wear resistance and corrosion resistance, so they are the first candidate materials for ceramics for thermal engine components. In the mechanical industry, silicon nitride ceramics are used as bearing balls, rollers, ball seats, tooling, new ceramic tools, pump plungers, mandrel sealing materials and so on. In the chemical industry, silicon nitride ceramics are used as wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant components. Such as ball valve, pump body, combustion carburetor, filter and so on. In the gold industry, silicon nitride ceramics have self-lubricity because of their high temperature resistance and low friction coefficient. It is stable for most metal and alloy solutions, so it can make tooling for metal material processing, such as mandrel, extrusion, wire plucking die, roll, transfer roller, heater fixture, thermocouple, metal heat treatment support, crucible, aluminum liquid guide, aluminum ladle lining and so on.
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