Bismuth powder does not react with oxygen or water at room temperature, and is stable in the air, and its electrical and thermal conductivity is poor. Metal bismuth is a metal with silvery white (pink) to light yellow luster, which is brittle and easily crushed.
Bismuth has sulfide bismuthite (Bi2S3) and oxide bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) in nature, or bismuth loess, which is formed by oxidation of bismuthite and other bismuth-containing sulfides. Since bismuth has a low melting point, it can be reduced from its natural ore with charcoal.
When bismuth powder is heated above the melting point, it can burn and emit a light blue flame to generate bismuth trioxide. Bismuth can also be combined with sulfur and halogen when it is red hot. Bismuth powder is insoluble in water and insoluble in non-oxidizing acids (such as hydrochloric acid). Even concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated hydrochloric acid only react slightly when heating, but it is soluble in aqua regia and concentrated nitric acid.
What is the bismuth powder application?
1. Metallurgical additives
Adding a small amount of bismuth powder to steel can improve the processing performance of steel, and adding a small amount of bismuth powder to malleable cast iron can make malleable cast iron have similar properties to stainless steel.
2. Bi-based low melting point fusible alloy
The alloy made of bismuth-tin alloy is used for cold stamping forming of thin metal plates. The temperature is not lower than the temperature of the steel mold, and the forming is fast, the renewal is fast, and the alloy can be returned to use many times.
A series of low melting point alloys composed of bismuth powder and aluminum, tin, cadmium, and indium are used to make electrical appliances, safety devices, automatic device signals, etc.
3. Medical treatment
Bismuth compounds have astringent, antidiarrheal, treatment of gastrointestinal dyspepsia, bismuth subcarbonate and bismuth subnitrate, bismuth potassium subrubberate is used in the manufacture of gastric medicine, surgery uses the astringent effect of bismuth medicine to treat trauma and hemostasis, in radiotherapy In this, bismuth-based alloys are used instead of aluminum to make shields for patients to protect other parts of the body from radiation.
4. Application of bismuth in flame retardant
Among flame retardant additives, Bi₂0₃ has a better effect than Sb₂0₃, and is safe and non-toxic. The smoke generated during combustion is extremely lethal and does not affect the stability of flame-retardant products.
5. Application of bismuth in chemical industry
Bismuth yellow pigment is a mixture of bismuth vanadate and bismuth molybdate. It is used to replace lead, cadmium and other pigments with double crystal surface yellow pigments. It has better surface resistance to chemical corrosion, and has strong adhesion and bright color. It is not easy to fall off and fade.
6. Electronic ceramics
Electronic ceramics containing bismuth powder, such as bismuth germanate crystals, are a new type of scintillation crystal used in the manufacture of devices such as nuclear radiation detectors, x-ray level scanners, electro-optics, and piezoelectric lasers.
7. Semiconductor
Using high-purity bismuth powder combined with tellurium, selenium, antimony, etc., crystal pulling semiconductor components, used for thermocouples, low temperature thermoelectric power generation and thermorefrigeration, and used to assemble air conditioners and refrigerators. Artificial bismuth sulfide can be used to make photoresistors in photovoltaic devices and increase the sensitivity in the visible spectrum.
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