The electrical properties of lithium silicate batteries and lithium-ion batteries are also different. The characteristics of lithium silicate batteries are high safety, long cycle life, and stable discharge platform, but their specific energy is low and their capacity density is not as good as that of lithium-ion batteries. In addition, lithium silicate batteries charge slowly and are not suitable for scenes such as high-power electric vehicles.
In contrast, lithium-ion batteries have a higher capacity density and better specific energy than lithium silicate batteries. At the same time, lithium-ion batteries charge faster and are suitable for scenes with high power requirements such as electric vehicles and mobile phones. However, lithium-ion batteries are not as safe as lithium silicate batteries, and there are risks such as overheating and fire.
TRUNNANO Liquid Lithium Silicate
The discovery of lithium
In 1800, Brazilian chemist and politician Jose Bonifacio de Andrada e Silva discovered petalite (LiAlSi4O10) in a mine on Uto Island, Sweden. When he threw the ore into the fire, it produced a strong crimson flame, but he did not analyze the composition of the ore. In 1817, Swedish chemist J.A.Arfvedson found that petalite (now proved to be lithium aluminum silicate LiAlSi2O5 called petalite) collected from Uto contained silicon oxide, aluminum oxide and a new alkali metal in the petalite. He made the alkali metal into sulfate, conducted experiments, and conducted detailed analysis and calculation studies. He found that the alkali metal was saturated with acids in a much larger amount than other fixed alkalis, and its solution was not precipitated by excessive tartaric acid and was not affected by platinum chloride. It was proved that this alkali metal sulfate was neither potassium salt, sodium salt, nor magnesium salt. So, he was sure that this alkali metal was a new element.
His teacher Berzelius named this new element lithium, which comes from the Greek word lithos, meaning stone, indicating that it was found from stone because the alkali metals sodium and potassium found before were obtained from plants. Alfredson tried to make metallic Li but failed.
In 1818, Gmelin discovered that the flame of lithium salt was deep red. However, Gmelin and Alfredson failed to separate lithium from lithium salt.
In 1821, British chemists William Thomas Brande and Humphry Davy used the method of electrolyzing lithium oxide to separate trace metallic lithium, but more was needed for experiments.
In 1855, German chemist Robert Bunsen and British chemist Augustus Matthiessen electrolyzed lithium chloride to obtain large pieces of lithium for research.
In 1923, Metallgesellschaft AG of Germany began commercial production of lithium.
Lithium mining
Source of lithium - mining of lithium
Lithium is known as a "rare metal." In fact, its content in the earth's crust is not "rare". Its content on the Earth ranks 27th. The lithium content in seawater alone exceeds 200 billion tons, but it isn't easy to collect.
The main lithium minerals in nature are spodumene, lepidolite, petalite and apatite; liquid minerals containing lithium mainly include salt lake brine, under ground brine, hot springs, etc. Lithium can also be found in human and animal bodies, soil and mineral water, cocoa powder, tobacco leaves, and seaweed.
According to the latest statistics from the United States Geological Survey (USGS), the global lithium resource reserves in 2022 are about 26 million tons, equivalent to more than 130 million tons of lithium carbonate equivalent; Chile's lithium resource reserves rank first in the world, accounting for 35.8%, and the proven resource reserves are 9.3 million tons; followed by Australia, Argentina and China, with reserves of 6.2 million tons, 2.7 million tons and 2 million tons, accounting for 23.8%, 10.4% and 7.7% respectively. The distribution area of lithium mines is highly concentrated, and the top five countries account for more than 80% of the global reserves.
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