Sodium oleate is a central component of soap made from olive oil and the like, and is also a fundamental component of tallow soap, and can also be obtained by reacting sodium hydroxide with oleic acid. It is a compound composed of two parts of the hydrophobic group and hydrophilic group. It has excellent emulsifying power, penetrating power and detergency, and has good solubility in hot water. It is used as an anionic surfactant and a fabric waterproofing agent.
The nature of sodium oleate
1. Oxidation
It can be slowly oxidized and colored in the air to darken the color and produce rancidity. This is because oleic acid is broken by oxidation, and double bonds are broken to form harmful substances such as furfural. Mixing highly unsaturated acids promotes corruption.
2, solubility
Dissolved in 10 times the amount of water, foaming, forming a viscous liquid. The aqueous solution is alkaline, and the liquid becomes turbid due to partial reaction into insoluble acidic soap and sodium hydroxide. It is insoluble in ethanol and is neutral. Soluble in about 20 times the amount of ethanol. Do not dissolve in ether, petroleum ether, and other organic solvents.
3. Chemical reaction
It reacts with a metal ion other than an alkali metal to form a metal salt precipitate.
4, other properties
Generally, the nature of the salt is not volatile. It can be completely dissociated into ions in water. After adding inorganic acid (strong acid), the salt can be changed to hydroxy acid. When the hot soap liquid is allowed to cool, it does not crystallize, and it forms precipitates of insoluble calcium and magnesium soap with calcium and magnesium salts contained in hard water. Appearance and properties: white powder; density: 0.9 g/cm3; melting point: 232-235 ° C (lit.); boiling point: 359.999oC at 760 mmHg; flashpoint: 270.099oC; stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Storage conditions: -20oC.
Preparation of sodium oleate
It is obtained by neutralizing sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate in an oleic acid ethanol solution.
10 g of oleic acid can be dissolved in 100 mL of 95% ethanol, and then titrated with a sodium hydroxide ethanol solution having a concentration of 0.5 mol/L, using phenolphthalein as an indicator. After reaching the equivalence point, the precipitated sodium oleate soap was filtered off. If the precipitate is not precipitated, ethanol and water may be distilled off to obtain a crude product, which may be recrystallized from an ethanol-diethyl ether mixed solvent.
Use of sodium oleate
1. The main ingredient of soap made from olive oil, etc., is also the main component of tallow soap.
2, used as a food film, such as fruit, vegetable surface film, can be used with ethylene oxide, high boron fatty alcohol.
3. Mineral processing and waterproofing of fabrics.
4, can be used as a corrosion inhibitor for aluminum and its alloys, iron, copper, and other metals in neutral or acidic solutions.
5. Used as an anionic surfactant and fabric waterproofing agent.
Safety of sodium oleate
Acute toxicity: LD50 (half lethal dose) in mice: 152 mg/kg; rabbit LD50: 150 mg/kg. Do not take it internally. Topical application is slightly irritating to the skin and mucous membranes. Sodium oleate is an anionic surfactant. According to the Food Safety Law, this ingredient does not appear in the food safety national standard food additive standard GB2760-2011, i.e., sodium oleate is not a food additive. Sodium oleate is generally not hazardous to water, but it cannot be discharged into the surrounding environment without government permission.
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