Silicon nitride is an inorganic substance with the chemical formula Si3N4. It is an important structural ceramic material with high hardness, inherent lubricity, and wear resistance. Silicon nitride is an atomic crystal; it is resistant to oxidation at high temperatures.
Silicon nitride ceramics is a synthetic material. The covalent bond between silicon atoms and nitrogen atoms in its structure is strong, so it has high strength, high hardness, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, abrasion resistance, and good resistance to thermal shock.
Properties of Silicon Nitride
Silicon nitride ceramics have high fracture toughness and normal temperature strength. Even at high temperatures, their strength will not decrease much, and high temperature stability is good. It has the following properties:
(1) Silicon nitride material has low linear expansion coefficient, good thermal conductivity, and excellent thermal shock resistance;
(2) The hardness of silicon nitride is very large, 99.5, second only to a few superhard materials such as diamond and BN;
(3) The friction coefficient of silicon nitride is small, it is self-lubricating and wear-resistant;
(4) Silicon nitride has good mechanical properties, hot-pressed and reaction sintered samples can obtain high bending strength, even up to Giga Pa. Its high temperature stability is good, it still has relatively high flexural strength at high temperature, and high temperature creep is small;
(5) Silicon nitride material has good insulating properties and is a good insulator material at high temperature;
(6) The chemical properties of silicon nitride are very stable, and it is not corroded by all inorganic acids except hydrofluoric acid. It can also exist stably in some alkalis;
(7) When silicon nitride ceramics are oxidized, a dense silicon dioxide film is easily formed on the surface, which prevents the continued oxidation. Its oxidation resistance temperature can reach 1400℃, and it can be used up to 1870℃ in reducing atmosphere.
(8) Silicon nitride is non-wetting with high-temperature metal solution and molten slag, and can be used as a high-temperature metal solution filter and an excellent corrosion-resistant material for molten slag.
Silicon nitride is considered by the material industry as an engineering ceramic material with excellent comprehensive performance and can be used in high-temperature fields.
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