Bismuth sulfide is a chemical substance with the chemical formula Bi2S3. The molecular weight is 514.15. The general state is brownish yellow powder or crystal. Insoluble in water and ethyl acetate, soluble in nitric acid and hydrochloric acid. Bismuth sulfide is an important semiconductor material, and its application in photoelectric elements and thermoelectric equipment has brought great convenience to mankind.
Bi2S3 has a special layered structure and weak bonds between layered units, resulting in the anisotropy of Bi2S3 growth and nucleus growth into tiny lamellar crystals in solvothermal synthesis and hydrothermal synthesis. Under relatively low temperature conditions, the crystal growth rate of the reactants is faster than the nucleation rate, which is conducive to the growth of Bi2S3 into nanoflakes in solvents with high viscosity and high surface tension.
The powder synthesized in the high-viscosity and high-surface tension solvent distilled water and distilled water-ethylene glycol (2:1) is conducive to the formation of nanoflakes. The surface tension energy and viscosity between Bi2S3 and solvent DMF are relatively low, which is conducive to strengthening the chemical force between the S-Bi bonds in the chain. According to the PBC theory of crystal growth, the growth of Bi2S3 crystals is the most along the force The strong bond chain has the fastest growth rate, which eventually leads to the formation of Bi2S3 nanorods. In summary, it can be concluded that the surface tension energy between Bi2S3 and solvent distilled water and distilled water-ethylene glycol is higher than that between Bi2S3 and solvent DMF.
Solvents with high surface tension and high viscosity are good for forming nanoflakes, while solvents with low viscosity and low surface tension are good for forming rod-like structures.Bismuth sulfide is soluble in nitric acid or hot concentrated perchloric acid, but insoluble in alkali and ammonium sulfide. Bismuth sulfide has the same crystal as antimony sulfide and has a complex network structure. Bismuth sulfide is also soluble in hydrohalic acid (except hydrofluoric acid).
Bi2S3 as an important semiconductor material has potential application value in thermoelectric, electronic and optoelectronic devices and infrared spectroscopy. The band gap energy of bismuth sulfide at room temperature is 1.33eV, which can be used to make photoelectric converters and is widely used in thermoelectric cooling processes.
Nano-scale bismuth sulfide can not only blue-shift the ultraviolet-visible absorption wavelength and the fluorescence emission wavelength, but also produce The nonlinear optical response enhances the redox ability of nanoparticles, and also has excellent photoelectric catalytic performance. It has wide application prospects in luminescent materials, nonlinear optical materials, and photocatalytic materials. In recent years, it has also been found that nano bismuth sulfide is an excellent contrast agent for X-ray tomography (CT). Compared with traditional iodine contrast agents, it has unique advantages.
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