Lithium-ion battery is a rechargeable secondary battery, which is mainly composed of five main parts: initial, continuous, continuous, twisted, alternating and current collector.
The main function of the positive and negative electrode materials is to make lithium ions more freely extracted/inserted, so as to realize the charge and discharge function.
During the charging process, lithium ions are extracted from the positive electrode material and inserted into the corresponding negative electrode material through the electrolyte. At the same time, electrons flow out from the positive electrode through the external circuit and flow to the negative electrode; when the lithium battery is discharged, lithium ions are extracted from the negative electrode and re-embedded through the electrolyte. To the positive electrode material, electrons flow from the negative electrode to the positive electrode through the external circuit.
The negative electrode material is the carrier of lithium ions and electrons in the battery charging process, and plays the role of energy storage and release. It is one of the key factors that determine the performance of lithium-ion batteries and holds the lifeblood of power battery safety.
1. The chemical potential is low, forming a large potential difference with the cathode material, thereby obtaining a high-power battery;
2. It should have a higher specific cycle capacity;
3. Li+ should be easily inserted and extracted in the negative electrode material, and has a high coulombic efficiency, so that there can be a more stable charge and discharge voltage during the Li+ extraction process;
4. It has good electronic conductivity and ion conductivity;
5. It has good stability and certain compatibility with electrolyte;
6. The source of materials should be rich in resources, low in price, simple in manufacturing process;
7. Safe, green and pollution-free.
Anode materials that meet the above conditions basically do not exist at present, so the research on new anode materials with high energy density, good safety performance, low price, and easily available materials has become an urgent task, which is also a hot topic in the field of lithium battery research at this stage.
First of all, it has a low discharge platform, so that a variety of positive electrode materials can cooperate with it to form a secondary battery with a high discharge voltage. This condition keeps many materials out of the door.
Secondly, the material has a more porous structure that can accommodate lithium ions, and the molecular weight of the material itself is as small as possible. This is not only related to the type of material, but also to the actual physical structure of the material. It cannot be said that carbon materials are not as large as silicon materials. When the technological means are developed to a high enough level to be able to manipulate the structure of the molecular and atomic level, the structure will be more important than the atomic type;
Third, is the stability, structural stability and chemical stability. On the one hand, it affects the battery life, and on the other hand determines the safety of the battery. The safety of the power battery is the top priority, and this requirement makes the temporary performance of many materials cannot be taken seriously.
Finally, the materials are easy to obtain, in other words, they should be cheap. Of course, many new products are expensive at first, but as the quantity increases, the production cost also decreases. The most common graphite anode lithium battery is the best example.
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