Indium Tin Oxide ITO Powder

About Indium Tin Oxide ITO Powder:

ITO Indium tin oxide or Indium doped tin oxide is a ternary composition of different indium, tin, and oxygen ratios. According to the oxygen content, it can be described as ceramic or alloy. Usually encountered in indium tin oxide as an oxygen-saturated composition, its formulation is 74% In, 18% O2, and 8% Sn by weight. Oxygen-saturated compositions are so typical that unsaturated compositions are referred to as oxygen-deficient ITO. The thin layer is transparent and colorless, and the bulk is a pale yellow to gray. In the infrared region of the spectrum, it acts like a metal mirror.

Indium Tin Oxide ITO Powder
 

Indium tin oxide is one of the most widely used transparent conductive oxides because of its electrical conductivity, optical transparency, and ease with which it is deposited as a thin film. As with all transparent conductive films, a compromise must be made between conductivity and transparency because increasing the thickness and concentration of charge carriers will increase the film's conductivity but will reduce its transparency.

Indium tin oxide films are most commonly deposited by physical vapor deposition on the surface. Usually, electron beam evaporation or a series of sputtering deposition techniques are used.

ITO is a mixed oxide of indium and tin. Depending on the composition, its melting point is in the range of 1526-1926°C. The composition of the most commonly used material is ca In4Sn. This material is an n-type semiconductor with a large bandgap of about 4 eV. ITO is transparent to visible light and has relatively high electrical conductivity. These features have great advantages in touch screen applications such as mobile phones.

Feel free to inquire about the latest Indium tin oxide price if you would like to buy Indium Tin Oxide ITO Powder in bulk.

Performance of Indium Tin Oxide ITO Powder:

Chemically, ITO is the abbreviation of Indium Tin Oxides.

As a nano-indium tin metal oxide, it has good conductivity and transparency and can reduce harmful electronic radiation, ultraviolet and far-infrared rays. Therefore, indium tin oxide is sprayed on glass, plastic, and electronic display screens and used as a transparent conductive film while reducing harmful electronic radiation and ultraviolet and infrared.

In the oxide conductive film, the Sn-doped In2O3 (ITO) film has the highest transmittance and the best conductive performance, and it is easy to etch fine patterns in the acid solution, of which the light transmittance is more than 90%. The transmittance and resistance of ITO are controlled by the ratio of In2O3 and SnO2, usually SnO2:In2O3=1:9.

Technical Parameter of  Indium Tin Oxide ITO Powder:

How is Indium Tin Oxide ITO Powder produced?
Solid phase synthesis method:
The solid phase synthesis method mixes indium and tin oxides or other compounds according to a certain proportion and reacts at high temperatures to produce indium tin oxide. The reaction equation is:
In2O3(s) + SnO2(s) → ITO(s)
The solid phase synthesis method has the advantages of a simple process and low production cost, but the product purity is low and needs to be washed and refined several times.

Gas phase synthesis method:
The gas phase synthesis method produces indium tin oxide by gas reaction of indium and tin oxide under oxygen or air atmosphere at high temperature. This method has the advantages of high product purity and chemical activity. Still, it must use high-purity indium and tin as raw materials, and the production cost is high.

Solution synthesis method:
The solution synthesis method is to add an appropriate amount of oxidant or other reactants containing indium and tin ions to oxidize indium and tin ions to produce indium-tin oxide. This method has the advantages of high product purity and a simple process, but it needs to be washed and dried several times.

Chemical vapor deposition method:
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is the thermal decomposition or chemical synthesis of ITO films on the substrate. This method has the advantages of high product purity and adjustable film thickness, but it needs special equipment and technology, and the production cost is high.

Sputtering method:
The sputtering method uses glow discharge or ion beam sputtering technology to sputter indium and tin targets onto the substrate to produce indium tin oxide thin films. This method has the advantages of high product purity and strong film adhesion, but it needs to use equipment and power supply with high vacuum degrees, and the production cost is high.
 

Applications of Indium Tin Oxide ITO Powder:

Indium tin oxide (ITO) is an optoelectronic material widely used in research and industry. ITO can be used in many applications, such as flat panel displays, smart windows, polymer-based electronics, thin-film photovoltaic products, glass doors for supermarket freezers, and architectural windows. Also, the ITO film used for the glass substrate helps the glass window save energy.

The ITO belt is used to produce electroluminescent, fully functional, and fully flexible lamps. Besides, the ITO film is mainly used as an anti-reflective coating. It is used in liquid crystal displays (LCD) and electroluminescence, where the film is used as a conductive transparent electrode.

ITO is commonly used to make transparent conductive coatings for displays (such as liquid crystal, OLED, plasma, touch panels, and electronic ink applications). ITO film is also used for organic light-emitting diodes, solar cells, antistatic coatings, and EMI shielding. ITO is used as the anode (hole injection layer) in organic light-emitting diodes.

ITO-coated glass (indium tin oxide glass) belongs to the TCO (transparent conducting oxide) conductive glass category. ITO glass has the characteristics of low sheet resistance and high light transmittance. 

The ITO film deposited on the windshield defrosts the aircraft's windshield. Heat is generated by applying a voltage to the film.

ITO coating: ITO is also used in various optical coatings, the most famous being infrared reflective coatings (hot mirrors) used in automobiles and sodium vapor lamp glass. Other uses include gas sensors, anti-reflective coatings, electrowetting on dielectrics, and Bragg reflectors for VCSEL lasers. ITO is also used as an infrared reflector for low-emissivity window panes. Starting with the Kodak DCS 520, later, Kodak DCS cameras also used ITO as a sensor coating to enhance the response of the blue channel.

ITO thin film strain gauges can operate at temperatures up to 1400°C and be used in harsh environments such as gas turbines, jet engines, and rocket engines.

Storage Condition of Indium Tin Oxide ITO Powder:
Indium Tin Oxide ITO Powder should be stored in dry, cool and sealing of the environment, can not be exposure to air, in addition should avoid the heavy pressure, according to ordinary goods transportation.

Packing & Shipping of Indium Tin Oxide ITO Powder:
It is packed in double plastic bags inside, which can be filled with argon in vacuum; it can be vacuumed and filled with argon for protection..
Indium Tin Oxide ITO Powder packing: vacuum packing, 100g, 500g or 1kg/bag, 25kg/barrel, or as your request.
Indium Tin Oxide ITO Powder shipping: could be shipped out by sea , by air, by express as soon as possible once payment receipt.
 

Packing & Shipping of Indium Tin Oxide ITO Powder

Luoyang Tongrun Nano Technology Co. Ltd. (TRUNNANO) is a trusted global chemical material supplier & manufacturer with over 12-year-experience in providing super high-quality chemicals and Nanomaterials, including boride powder, nitride powder, graphite powder, sulfide powder, 3D printing powder, etc.
If you are looking for high-quality Indium Tin Oxide ITO powder, please feel free to contact us and send an inquiry. ([email protected])
 

FAQs of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) Powder
Q: What is indium tin oxide used for?
A: Indium tin oxide (ITO) powder, a transparent conductive material, finds extensive application in the electronics and display industries. It is widely used in the manufacturing of flat panel displays, including LCDs, OLEDs, and plasma screens, where it serves as a transparent electrode. ITO also plays a crucial role in touch screen technology, providing the necessary conductive layer that responds to touch. In the photovoltaic sector, ITO enhances solar cell efficiency by allowing light to pass through while conducting electricity. Additionally, ITO is employed in the production of energy-efficient windows, known as smart glass, which can change transparency to control heat and light. The powder form of ITO is also utilized in various coating applications, such as antistatic coatings and electromagnetic shielding.

Q: Is indium tin oxide safe for humans?
A: Handling indium tin oxide should be approached with care. While bulk ITO has low toxicity, fine particles or dust can pose inhalation risks, potentially causing irritation to the respiratory system, eyes, and skin. Precautions should be taken during handling to prevent these exposures, including the use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) like gloves, safety glasses, and respiratory protection. Adhering to good manufacturing practices and following safety guidelines provided by manufacturers ensures safer handling. For specific applications, especially those involving prolonged exposure or ingestion, consulting relevant safety data sheets and regulatory guidelines is recommended.

Q: What is the formula of indium tin oxide?
A: Indium tin oxide is typically composed of indium(III) oxide (In₂O₃) doped with 10% tin(IV) oxide (SnO₂). This combination results in a material that possesses both high electrical conductivity and optical transparency. The exact ratio of indium to tin can vary depending on the desired properties and application requirements. ITO's structure allows it to exist in crystalline forms, most commonly as a face-centered cubic lattice similar to that of cassiterite (SnO₂), but with indium substituting some of the tin sites. This arrangement contributes to its unique electronic and optical characteristics.

Q: How does indium tin oxide perform in electronic devices?
A: Indium tin oxide performs exceptionally well in electronic devices due to its unique combination of properties. As a transparent conductor, ITO enables the creation of electrodes that are nearly invisible yet highly conductive, making it indispensable in flat panel displays and touch screens. Its ability to conduct electricity while allowing light to pass through makes ITO critical for the performance of solar cells, ensuring they can efficiently capture sunlight. Moreover, ITO's thermal stability and resistance to environmental factors enhance the durability and longevity of electronic components. The material's versatility extends to applications requiring electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, where it helps protect sensitive electronics from external electromagnetic fields. In anti-static coatings, ITO prevents the buildup of static electricity, reducing the risk of damage to electronic components.