Nano silver is the metallic silver substance with a diameter of less than 100 nanometers, which generally ranges from 20 to 50 nanometers. Silver nanoparticles are atoms of silver particles, not silver ions. Silver nanoparticles have no charge and are a solid powder. The metallic silver is processed into the metallic silver with particle diameter less than 100 nanometers by physical and chemical methods. Silver nanoparticles are black powders made by mixing silver nanoparticles into media or substrates in different ways. Nanometer silver solution is a suspension of nanometer silver, which varies in color with the concentration, and gradually deepens in color with the increase of concentration, from yellow to deep red. The liquid has particles and a rough texture.
Compared with ordinary silver powder, nano-silver powder has many special properties that are not available in macroscopic materials, such as surface effect, volume (small size) effect, quantum size effect and macroscopic quantum tunneling effect, because its size is between atomic cluster and macroscopic particles.
1. Surface effect
Nano silver powder is the surface effect caused by the increase of surface area and the number of surface atoms after the large particles become ultrafine powder. The surface of nano silver powder is very different from that of lumpy silver powder.
2. Volume effect
The volume effect of nano silver powder is the effect caused by the reduction of the volume and the number of atoms in the particle. With the decrease of the number of atoms in the nano silver particles, the energy gap in the energy band will increase, and some electrical, magnetic and thermal energies will be abnormal. It can be intuitively perceived that nano silver powder is black rather than silver-white with large silver particles, and the smaller the particle size, the darker the color. This is caused by the significant changes in non-absorption, emission and scattering due to the characteristics of proton vibration and energy level discontinuity with the decrease of silver particles.
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