Boron is always found in nature in the form of oxygen-containing compounds, mainly boric acid and various borates. Boric acid is contained in some hot springs, the most familiar of all borates is borax, in addition to the industrial important boracite 2MgO·B2O3·H2O and boracite 2CaO·3B2O3·5H2O. The Ancient Egyptians, Romans and Babylonians used borax to make glass and weld gold in 2000 BC. The chemical processing of boron started at the beginning of the 18th century. In 1702, G.Hoomubbi first produced boric acid by reacting natural borax with ferrous sulfate. In 1808, H.Davy, a British chemist, J.L.Gay-Lus sac and L.J.Henard, a French chemist, reduced boric acid with potassium metal to produce boron first, but the boron purity was only 50%. In 1892, H.Moissan, a Frenchman, produced boron of 98.3% purity by reducing boric anhydride with magnesium. In 1909, E.Weintnaub prepared high purity boron with a mixture of hydrogen and boron trichloride by reducing the arc of the cold copper anode. Since the synthetic series of boron hydrogen compounds in the 60 s of this century, people see the prospect of the boron chemical, then not only to the boron atom bonding characteristics, the study of the structure of elemental boron and compound has a larger breakthrough, and developed a series of has important application value in the modern industry and defense of boron compounds, the boron has become research in inorganic chemistry in 20 years of an element.
The crustal abundance of boron is 9×10-4%, and the seawater contains 48×10-5% boron. More than 150 kinds of boron ores have been discovered, including borax, borate, borate and siliconborate. Natural borax ore (Na2O·B2O3·10H2O) is mainly produced in the evaporative sediments and silt of salt lakes and dry salt lakes in arid regions, and is symbiotic with stone salt, trona, anhydrous glauber's salt, potassium glauber's salt, gypsum and other minerals. In arid regions, borax is also produced on the soil surface. Borite (2MgO·B2O3·H2O), produced in the contact zone of the intrusive body and magnesite limestone or dolomite, is symbiotic with anhydrous boron such as boromite Chemicalbook mineral, metallomica and silicomite. Magnesite borax (MgFe)2Fe(BO3)O2, produced in serpentine dolomite marble or magnesia-skarn, often with magnetite, magnesite, diopside, pyromica and other symbiosis. In addition, there is hard calcium boronite (2CaO·3B2O3·10H2O), alkaline dry salt lakes often deposit borates. The world's borate reserves are about 335 ~ 748Mt, and the resource distribution is very concentrated. The United States and Turkey alone account for 95% of the world's total boron reserves. Qinghai, Xizang and Liaoning (Yingkou, Fengcheng, Kuandian and Ji 'an) in China are rich in boron resources.
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