What is Single-layer graphene?
Single-layer graphene is two-dimensional planar honeycomb graphite composed of a single layer of carbon atoms. The sp2 covalent bond between each carbon atom makes it the thinnest but stiffest material in the world (the fracture strength is about 200 times that of steel). It is almost entirely transparent and only absorbs 2.3% of light; its thermal conductivity is as high as 5300 W/m. K is more elevated than carbon nanotubes and diamond; the resistivity is only about 0.96×10-6 Ω. cm, lower than copper and silver, is currently the world's smallest resistivity material; graphene has a large specific surface area (2630 m2/g). The novel characteristic of graphene is that in the absence of any doping, the Fermi level is located when the conduction band and the valence band are connected. The electron's effective mass at this point is equal to zero, and the carrier appears as a Dirac of zero mass. Fermions have excellent carrier conduction characteristics and can carry a current density of 108A/cm2 and up to 200,000 cm2/V. The carrier mobility of s (higher than carbon nanotubes and silicon crystals), the speed is 1/300 of the speed of light; in the absence of carrier transmission, graphene still has conductivity σ=e2/h, graphite The resistance value of the alkene will change with the change of the applied vertical value electric field, which is called the bipolar field effect; it does not comply with the Bonn-Oppenheim approximation in quantum mechanics and can be observed at room temperature. Its room temperature Hall effect expands the original temperature range by ten times, showing unique carrier characteristics and excellent electrical quality. The unique electronic structure of graphene also provides a more convenient means for verifying relativistic quantum electrodynamic effects that are not easily observed in particle physics.
The application of Single-layer graphene:
Graphene is the best material for building nanoelectronic devices. Devices made of it are smaller, consume less energy, and transmit electrons at a faster speed. Due to its high electron transmission speed and excellent electron transmission characteristics (no scattering), graphene can make high-frequency transistors (up to THz). The graphene structure is stable at the nanometer scale, even in the presence of only one hexagonal ring, which is of great significance for the development of molecular-level electronic devices. Single-electronic components prepared by electron beam printing and etching technology may break through the limits of traditional electronic technology, and have excellent application prospects in the fields of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology, memory, and sensors, and are expected to be the development of ultra-high-speed computer chips. A breakthrough will also much promote medical technology.
Single-layer graphene films can also be used to make microscopic filters that decompose gases. In terms of medical research, this thin film with a thickness of only one atom can support molecules for observation and analysis by electron microscopes, which will significantly help the medical community develop new medical technologies. Graphene has an external noise signal when detecting gases and can accurately detect individual gas molecules, potential applications in chemical sensors and molecular probes.
Due to the excellent characteristics of Single-layer graphene in electrical, thermal and mechanical properties, it is widely used in the field of semiconductor electronic packaging.
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