Superconducting materials - A sign of new material
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Update time : 2019-08-15 16:12:58
The discovery and development of superconducting materials has a history of more than 100 years. Since its discovery in 1911, it has attracted the attention of researchers all over the world. While making breakthroughs and progress in its research, its application and development are limited due to its own nature and the need for working environment in liquid ammonia temperature zone. Until the discovery of high temperature superconducting materials (HTS) in 1986, superconducting materials changed from research stage to application development stage.
After more than 20 years of efforts, high temperature superconducting materials and related science and technology have been rapidly developed, and have been applied in power, transportation and medical fields. As one of the most important research topics in the field of contemporary science, superconducting technology is considered to be a high and new technology with strategic significance, huge commercial value and broad application prospects. It can be predicted that the popularization of superconducting technology and the wide application of high temperature superconducting materials will inevitably lead to a new industrial revolution.
Application status of high temperature superconducting materials
The applications of HTS materials are generally divided into two categories: strong current applications and weak current applications. Superconducting applications are primarily based on the zero resistance characteristics and complete diamagnetism of superconductors: as well as the high critical current density and high critical magnetic field characteristic of non-ideal type ii superconductors. The applications of superconducting weak current are mainly based on magnetic flux atomization, energy gap and tunnel. HTS strips and blocks are mainly used in strong electric fields such as power systems, while HTS thin films are mainly used to develop superconducting quantum interference devices such as microwave devices, which have great application space in weak electric fields.
Application status of high temperature superconducting materials in the field of strong electricity
After the discovery of HTS superconducting materials, due to its special application properties, the application research of high power has been started since the early 1990s. Early work mainly focused on the preparation of high temperature superconducting conductors, coil magnet technology, high voltage generator, power fault current limiter, magnetic separation device, high current lead, power application performance research and so on. At present, high temperature superconducting materials have made great progress in power energy, transportation, biomedicine, high energy physics and so on.
(1) For power energy, it is used as HTS cable, HTS transformer, HTS current limiter in test operation, superconducting magnetic energy storage, HTS flywheel energy storage, HTS motor, HTS generator and HTS current lead in test or development stage.
(2) In terms of transportation, HTS maglev trains and superconducting electromagnetic propulsion ships have been successfully developed. In addition, HTS technology will also be applied in some horizontal or vertical transportation devices, electric cars and airplanes.
(3) biological medicine, has been widely used for superconducting magnetic resonance imaging device and has successfully developed superconducting nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer, superconducting pions generator, moreover, will have a of superconducting magnet, strong magnetic field of a large number of magnetized water used in agriculture and health care, can promote the growth and metabolism of farm crops and livestock growth, improve the survival rate, can also be used for the treatment of many diseases and prevention.
In addition, high-energy physics experiment research is widely used as detector magnet, transport magnet and accelerating magnet; superconducting technology is widely used in military field as superconducting mine sweeper, electromagnetic gun and superconducting laser weapon, such as superconducting mine sweeper with light weight, small volume, strong mobility, large-step towing mine sweeper, strong magnetic field, energy, etc. It has the advantages of low consumption, eliminating dead zone, small remanence, weak target signal characteristics, high system security and reliability. Superconducting weapons and equipment have extremely important strategic significance in national defense. Looking at the current international situation, it is reasonable to believe that the research of superconducting technology in the military field will be paid more attention.
Application Status of High Temperature Superconducting Materials in the Field of Weak Electricity
High temperature superconducting materials have many applications in the field of weak current and weak magnetic field, especially in electronics and communication.
(1)In the field of superconducting electronics, SQUID inductors and superconducting computers are used in earthquake prediction, space and military fields.
(2)In communication, HTS filters for cellular telephone base stations, mobile communications and other fields, and HTS microstrip antennas for communications, navigation and other fields are manufactured. For example, superconducting filters have the advantages of high signal-to-noise ratio, steep band edge, good selectivity and strong anti-interference ability, and the market of the filters is huge. By 2011, the 3G network covers all cities above prefecture level and most counties, towns, major highways and scenic spots in the country. There are more than 400,000 3C base stations, and the 3G network will be in the future. Network construction also needs 4C network construction and network optimization and upgrading. If 20% of new base stations use superconducting filters, coupled with the original base station optimization, there will be a huge market of 10 billion.
(3)Other weak current applications, such as superconducting gyroscopes (SCC) for large naval ships, nuclear submarines, modern aircraft and inertial navigation, and superconducting magnetic shielding for military and laboratory research.
Epilogue
After more than 20 years of development, the preparation technology and properties of high temperature superconducting materials have gradually become mature, and have entered into large-scale practical application and industrialization. The potential application value and market of high temperature superconducting materials are enormous due to the future development trend of energy saving, environmental protection, new materials and new energy. At the same time, there is a strong demand for high temperature superconducting materials and related technologies. The further practicality of high temperature superconducting materials requires the joint efforts of the government, scientific research institutes and enterprises.
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