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Structural properties and applications of titanium nitride

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Update time : 2020-04-09 14:23:35
The chemical nature of nitrogen is very stable, but under some special conditions, it can form nitrides with many elements. In these nitrides, the transition metal nitride - titanium nitride (TiN) has become the focus of research. Titanium nitride is a structural material with attractive golden yellow color, high melting point, high hardness, excellent chemical stability, and low wetting with metals, and has high electrical conductivity and superconductivity. It can be applied to high-temperature structural materials and Superconducting materials.
 
1. Structure and properties of titanium nitride
TiN has a typical NaCl type structure and belongs to a face-centered cubic lattice. The top of the face-centered cubic is nitrogen atoms, and the titanium atom is located in the (1 / 2,0,0) space position of the face-centered cubic. TiN is a non-stoichiometric compound, and its stable composition range is TiN0.6 ~ TiN1.16. The content of nitrogen can be changed within a specific range without causing changes in the structure of TiN. The tiN powder is generally yellowish-brown, the ultrafine TiN powder is black, and TiN crystal is golden yellow. The lattice constant of TiN is a = 4.23 nm. The mesh constant of TiC is a = 4.238 nm, and the lattice constant of TiO is a = 4.15 nm. The lattice parameters of these three substances are very close, so the nitrogen in the TiN molecule. The atoms can be replaced by oxygen and carbon atoms in any ratio to form a reliable solution. The content of nitrogen determines the physical and chemical properties of titanium nitride. When the content of nitrogen is reduced, the lattice parameters of titaniu nitride increase and the hardness will also be Microscopic increase, but the shock resistanmce of titanium nitride is reduced.
                            

Physical properties of titanium nitride: melting point 2950.6 ~ 3205.8 ℃, the linear expansion coefficient 5.712 ~ 7.053 × 106 (1 / K) (25 ℃), density 5.435 ~ 5.447g / cm3, thermal conductivity 25.081 (W · m -1 · K-1) (300 ~ 2000 ℃), Mohs hardness is 8 ~ 9. In general, the color of titanium nitride powder is yellowish-brown, the color of black is ultra-fine titanium nitride powder, the color of yellow is titanium nitride crystal. A large number of aggregated titanium nitride crystals have a golden yellow metallic luster. The chemical properties of titanium nitride: relatively stable, it does not react with water and acids (hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid), but it can be incorporated into hydrofluoric acid. If hydrofluoric acid contains an oxidizing agent, titanium nitride will be completely dissolved in hydrogen Fluoric acid. Titanium nitride dissolved in a strongly alkaline solution will decompose and release ammonia gas
 
2. The application of titanium nitride has good physical and chemical properties such as high melting point, good chemical stability, high hardness, good electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and optical properties, which makes it have very important uses in various fields, especially in new types In the field of metal ceramics and gold decoration. The demand for titanium nitride powder in the industry is increasing. As a coating, titanium nitride is inexpensive and wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant, and its many properties are better than vacuum coating. The application prospect of titanium nitride is extensive.

                             
It is mainly used in the following aspects:
(1) Titanium nitride has high biocompatibility and can be used in clinical medicine and stomatology.
(2) Titanium nitride has a low friction coefficient and can be used as a high-temperature lubricant.
(3) Titanium nitride has a metallic luster, can be used as simulated golden decoration material, and has good application prospects in the gold decoration industry; titanium nitride can also be used as a gold coating in the jewelry industry; can be used as a potential material to replace WC, The application cost of materials is greatly reduced.
4) It has superior hardness and wear resistance, and can be used to develop new tools. This new type of device has significantly improved durability and service life than ordinary carbide tools.
(5) Titanium nitride is a new type of multifunctional ceramic material. Adding a certain amount of titanium nitride to the TiC-Mo-Ni series of cermets will make the hard phase grains significantly refined so that the physical properties of the ceramics are extensive at room temperature or under high-temperature conditions. The improvement of the degree has dramatically improved the high-temperature corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance of the cermet; adding the TiN powder to the ceramic in a particular proportion can enhance the strength, toughness, and hardness of the ceramic; adding nano titanium nitride to In TiN / Al2O3 multiphase nano-ceramics, they are mixed uniformly by various methods (such as mechanical mixing method), etc. The resulting ceramic material containing nano-titanium nitride particles forms a conductive network. This material can be used as an electronic component in the semiconductor industry.
(6) Adding a certain amount of TiN to the magnesia-carbon bricks can significantly improve the slag resistance of the magnesia-carbon blocks.
(7) Titanium nitride is an excellent structural material, which can be used in steam-jet thrusters and rockets. In the field of bearings and seal rings, titanium nitride alloy is also used, highlighting the excellent application effect of titanium nitride.
(8) Based on the superb conductivity of titanium nitride, it can be made into various materials such as electrodes and point contacts.
(9) Titanium nitride has a high superconducting critical temperature and can be used as an excellent superconducting material.
(10) The melting point of titanium nitride is higher than most transition metal nitrides, and the density is lower than most metal nitrides, thus becoming a unique refractory material.
(11) Titanium nitride can be coated on the glass as a film. When the infrared reflectance is higher than 75%, when the thickness of the titanium nitride film is more significant than 90nm, it can effectively improve the thermal insulation performance of the glass. Also, adjusting the percentage of nitrogen in titanium nitride can change the color of the titanium nitride film to achieve the desired aesthetic effect.
 
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