Photothermal therapy of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles and their custom synthesized composite materials

Fe3O4 nanoparticles have good biocompatibility, degradability, easy-to-control size, and high magnetic saturation, so they are widely used in the field of biomedicine. Fe3O4 nanoparticles have recently attracted the attention of researchers as a new type of photothermal reagent.
Compared with Fe3O4 nanocrystals with the same crystal structure, Fe3O4 nanocrystal clusters (Fe3O4 microspheres) have a better photothermal effect, which is due to the stronger absorption function of Fe3O4 microspheres in the near-infrared region. Animal experiments further proved that Fe3O4 microspheres have a better photothermal treatment effect under near-infrared light.
In order to further explore the photothermal properties of Fe3O4 microspheres, scientists have studied the photothermal effect of Fe3O4 microspheres of different sizes and different ligands and found that the larger the size of Fe3O4 microspheres, the greater the absorption value in the near-infrared region, and the light The thermal performance is also better. With the increase of storage time, Fe3O4 is partially oxidized to Fe2O3; research has found that polymer ligands have a stronger protective effect on Fe3O4 microspheres than small molecule ligands, and have the strong anti-oxidation ability; Fe3O4 microspheres with stable polymer ligands The ball exhibits a stronger photothermal effect and photothermal stability at the cell and animal level.
In order to further improve the photothermal performance of magnetic nanoparticles, Fe3O4 microspheres are used as the core, and a core-shell structure of Fe3O4&PDA composite microspheres with good biocompatibility are prepared by the oxidative self-polymerization of dopamine (PDA). Compared with Fe3O4 microspheres, under the same mass concentration, the composite microspheres have enhanced absorption in the near-infrared region and exhibit enhanced photothermal effects. Both the near-infrared absorption and photothermal effect of Fe3O4&PDA composite microspheres increase with the increase of the thickness of the PDA shell.
Nanoparticles enter the blood in the body, and the surface will quickly combine with various proteins to form a protein crown, which is then swallowed and eliminated by the autoimmune system, reticuloendothelial system, and mononuclear phagocytes. Using biomimetic technology, the Fe3O4 microspheres are coated with red blood cell (RBC) membranes, which significantly improves the long circulation capacity of Fe3O4 microspheres in the body, thereby effectively promoting the enrichment of composite microspheres at the tumor site, and then significantly improving the animal level The photothermal treatment effect.
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