US nanotechnology research and development plan
The US investment in research and development of
nanotechnology accounts for about 25% of the world's investment, which is about the sum of investment from Japan and the EU countries. The scientific papers published in this field are equivalent to investment, accounting for about 1/4 to 1/3 of the total number of papers worldwide. The development and application of the US Department of Defense (DOD) in naval and aerospace is the most prominent.
Nanotechnology in the field of aerospace applications
Nanocomposite coating applied to spacecraft spindle
The spacecraft main shaft was coated with a newly developed nanocomposite coating, which was applied to the shaft of four spacecrafts. No damage was found after four years of operation.
Nanostructured aluminum
The nanostructured aluminum undergoes multiple plastic deformations to form an ultra-fine microstructure. Due to the increase in dislocation density, a large number of grain boundaries are formed, and the grain size is <150 nm by equal channel angular pressing (equal channel angular pressing).
The powdered material is further crushed on a liquid nitrogen roller compactor to a particle size of
~30 nm. This method is called cryogenic compaction. Dispersion of oxide and nitride particles on grain boundaries for dispersion strengthening, high thermal stability, and inhibition of grain growth.
Replace the hard chrome with nano Co-P plating
Nano Co-P plating technology is a technology developed by the US Department of Defense. Nano Co-P coatings can meet or exceed the performance of hard chrome plating, similar to a thin dense chrome layer. Its surface morphology is agglomerate, no pits, no voids, no micro-cracks, originally used for landing gear, and now used in engines and hydraulic cylinders. The developer of the technology is lntegran, whose Co-P nano-coating features:
- The nanocrystalline Co-P0.05 mm coating proved to be superior to EHC and HVOF coating after 1000 h exposure test.
- The nano-Co-P coating is exposed for 1000 h, and the protection ratio is 8 according to ASTMB537, while the HVOFWC-Co and Triballoy 400 alloy coating is 5, and the hard chrome layer is less than 2.
- Integran Nanometal coated composite dies can be used to make molds, significantly reducing costs, saving manufacturing cycles and reducing mold weight.
Nanotechnology for aerospace
The use of nanotechnology for carbon nanocomposite coatings is the beginning of its widespread application. Promoting the miniaturization of electronic devices and equipment can reduce prices; increase efficiency, nanomaterials can reduce the price of electronic devices and equipment by an order of magnitude, thereby greatly reducing satellite launch costs. The application of nanotechnology in the aerospace field has the following aspects:
- Space refractory polymers, such as retractable antennas, solar sails, reflectors, living rooms.
- Layered silicon polymer, such as impervious container lining, living room.
- Conductive coatings such as EMI, ESD, optics.
- Space ropes, used for space lifts.
- Thin-film organic solar photovoltaic cells.
- New nanocomposite for energy collection (symbiotic/morphine)
- structure).
- Nanosensor for comprehensive health monitoring.
NASA and Nanotechnology
- A powerful, small, low-energy, radhard-based shipboard computing system for future smart spacecraft.
- Aesthetics, small instruments and sensors provide ultra-small probes for the analysis and identification of changing and unknown backgrounds, adapting to harsh environments, to minimize the overall system.
- Microspacecraft and satellite nano-rovers (nanorovers), spacecraft with nanoelectronics and nanosensors, equipped with labonachip for in situ testing and life detection.
- Nanostructured materials for space rockets, large-section high-intensity spacecraft structures, optical, thermal, mechanical and other performance and functional materials, high-efficiency energy conversion materials, cryogenic cooler materials, as well as materials for pre-set sensors and compensation systems that guarantee reliability and safety.
Application of nanotechnology in the automotive industry
The automotive industry has used carbon and boron nitride nanotubes and composite metal hydrides to make hydrogen storage tanks. Nanostructured magnets have more than twice the magnetic saturation strength of ordinary magnets, and solar cells contain nanoparticle coatings. To get more power, Wetchemicalroute is currently being used to build cheap solar cells. Controlling the size and composition of nanoparticles in metals allows the development of new alloys with excellent properties, such as for various nanoscale particles to increase the strength and plasticity of aluminum alloys.
Nanocomposite coating
A coating in which nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed is used in a window glass as a so SolarCoating. These nanoparticle dispersions are indium tin oxide, (ITO for short), Antimagne Tin Oxide (abbreviated ATO), zinc oxide (ZnO), alumina (Al2O3) and silver. For example, ITO can be used as a transparent antistatic coating, solar infrared radiation additive and transparent conductive coating, which is an ideal material for window coating.
Application of nanotechnology in consumables and daily necessities
Aerogel
Nano aerogel has excellent performance, can meet the functional requirements under various conditions, is translucent, has excellent heat insulation and noise reduction effect, and is a high-quality material for building and vehicle main window system (fenestrationsystem).
Blockcopolymers
Nanostrength copolymer wool consists of several different chemically distinct segments. Due to their nature, they can be assembled freely on a molecular scale. Driven by thermodynamic forces, they combine highly polymerized and copolymerized wool in a highly repeatable and highly accurate manner. The result is improved mechanical properties, does not destroy the uniformity of the supporting base metal, and makes it easier to process.
This copolymer guarantees the reliability and safety of sensitive composite components such as aircraft casings. From aircraft to electrical equipment, from sports facilities to industrial equipment, the use can be found, which has a substantial impact on various application areas.
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