Nanomaterials-The Most Promising New Materials of The 21st Century
Views : 1317
Update time : 2019-08-05 13:05:58
There are many types of intentionally produced nanomaterials, and a variety of others are expected to appear in the future.
Types of Nanomaterials
For the purpose of this article, most current nanomaterials could be organized into four types:
-Carbon Based Material
-Metal Based Materials
-Dendrimers
-Composites Carbon Based Material
These nanomaterial are composed mostly of carbon, most commonly taking the form of a hollow spheres, ellipsoids, or tubes. Spherical and ellipsoidal carbon nanomaterials are referred to as fullerenes, while cylindrical ones are called nanotubes. These particles have many potential applications in electronics.
Metal Based Material
These nanomaterial include quantum dots, nanogold, nanosilver and metal oxides, such as titanium dioxide. A quantum dot is a closely packed semiconductor crystal comprised of hundreds or thousands of atoms, and whose size is on the order of a few nanometers to a few hundred nanometers. Changing the size of quantum dots changes their optical properties.
Dendrimers
These nanomaterials are nanosized polymers built from branched units. The surface of a dendrimer has numerous chain ends, which can be tailored to perform specific chemical functions. This property could also be useful for catalysis. Also, because three-dimensional dendrimers contain interior cavities into which other molecules could be placed, they may be useful for drug delivery.
Composites
Composites combine nanoparticles with other nanoparticles or with larger, bulk-type materials. Nanoparticles, such as nanosized clays, are really being added to products ranging from auto parts to packaging materials, to enhance mechanical thermal, barrier, and flame-retardant properties. Unique Properties
The unique properties of these various types of intentionally produced nanomaterials give them novel electrical, catalytic, magnetic, thermal, or imaging features that are highly desirable for applications in commercial, medical, military, and environmental sectors. These materials may also find their way into more complex nanostructures and systems. As new uses for materials with these special properties are identified, the number of products containing such nanomaterias and their possible applications continues to grow.
According to the shape of the material, it can be divided into four kinds: nano-particle materials; nano-solid materials; nano-film materials; nano-magnetic liquid materials.
Nano-particle materials: When used directly, the morphology of nano-particles is called nano-particle materials. Ultra-fine particle catalysts, known as the fourth generation catalysts, can significantly improve the catalytic efficiency by using very high specific surface area and activity. For example, catalysts made of ultrafine particles of nickel and steel-zinc alloys with particle sizes less than 0.3 microns can make the chlorination efficiency of organic compounds 10 times higher than of traditional nickel catalysts. As a catalyst, carbon dioxide can be decomposed into carbon and water at low temperature. Ultrafine iron powder can play a nucleation role in the gas phase thermal decomposition of benzene to form carbon fibers.
The magnetic particles are used as magnetic recording media in tapes, videotapes and disks. With the informationization of society, large amount of information storage and high speed of information processing are required, which promotes the increasing density of magnetic recording and makes the size of magnetic particles for magnetic recording tend to be ultra-fine. At present, metal tapes and disks made of metal magnetic powders (about 20 nanometers of ultrafine magnetic particles) have been commercialized abroad. Their recording density can reach 4106-4107 bits /centimeter (107/108 bits/inch), they can record 4 million to 40 million information units per centimeter. Compared with ordinary tapes, they have high density, low noise. High signal-to-noise ratio and other advantages.
The main characteristic of nano-solid materials is that they have huge intergranular interfaces. For example, the solid composed of 5 nano-particles will contain 1019 grain boundaries per cubic centimeter, and the atomic diffusion coefficient is 1014-1016 times higher than that of bulk materials, which makes the nano-materials have high toughness. Usually ceramics have the advantages of high hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance, but they also have the shortcomings of brittleness and difficult processing. Nano-ceramics can increase toughness and improve brittleness to a certain extent. TRUNNANO (Luoyang Trunnano Tech Co., Ltd ) is a professional new nano material manufacturer with over 12 years experience in chemical products research and development. If you are looking for high quality new nano material, please feel free to contact us and send an inquiry.
