Aluminium oxide is a white solid, a compound of aluminum and oxygen, and has a molecular formula of Al₂O₃. It is also known as bauxite in mining, ceramics and materials science.

Quartz powder (same as quartz sand) is also known as silicon micropowder. Quartz sand is a hard, wear-resistant, chemically stable silicate mineral. Its main mineral component is SiO₂. The color of quartz sand is milky white or colorless and translucent.

Silicon nitride is a compound composed of silicon and nitrogen. The powder of elemental silicon is heated to between 1300 and 1400 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere, and the weight of the silicon powder sample increases with the reaction of the silicon eleme

High temperature superconducting materials and related science and technology have been rapidly developed, and have been applied in power, transportation and medical fields.

In order to integrate phase change materials with building envelope materials and make their application into practical stage, the commonly used methods are impregnation, direct addition and encapsulation.

Superhard materials mainly refer to diamond and cubic boron nitride. Diamond is the hardest material known in the world, including natural diamond and synthetic diamond.

For bulk MAX phase materials, chemical vapour deposition (CVD) is the earliest method to prepare this material. CVD technology requires higher synthesis temperature, higher production cost and lower production efficiency.

Silica aerogel is a kind of gel material with dispersed medium as gas. It is a nanoporous fixed material with network structure composed of colloidal particles or polymer molecules, and its solid phase and pore structure are nanometer scale.

Graphene is a two-dimensional hexagonal lattice structure consisting of carbon atoms with a single atomic layer or atomic layer thickness.

3D printing technology has basically formed a system in technology, and the same applicable industries are gradually expanding.