Are you familiar with Calcium hexaboride? Calcium hexaboride is a black, shiny, inert powder with low density. It has a typical cubic structure of metal borides, composed of octahedral units of 6 boron atoms combined with calcium atoms. [2] Both CaB6 and lanthanum-doped CaB6 exhibit weak ferromagnetism, a notable fact since calcium and boron are neither magnetic nor have inner 3d or 4f electron shells, which are usually ferromagnetically required.
The characteristic of Calcium hexaboride CaB6 has been studied due to its unique physical properties, such as superconductivity, valence fluctuation and the Kondo effect. However, the most remarkable property of CaB6 is its ferromagnetism. The source of this high-temperature ferromagnetism is the connection of the ferromagnetic phase of the dilute electron gas to the putative excitonic state in calcium boride or to external impurities on the sample surface. Contaminants may include iron and nickel, possibly from the boron used to prepare the sample. CaB6 is insoluble in water, methanol and ethanol and dissolves slowly in acids. [5] The microhardness is 27GPa, the Knoop hardness is 2600kg/mm2, Young's modulus is 379 GPa, and the resistivity of pure crystal is greater than 2·10 10Ω·m. [6] [7] CaB6 is a semiconductor with an energy gap of approximately 1.0 eV. The low, semi-metallic conductivity of many CaB6 samples can be explained by unintentional doping due to impurities and possibly non-stoichiometric purposes.
The structure of Graphite Powder The crystal structure of calcium hexaboride is a cubic lattice, the center of the unit cell is calcium, and the apex is a three-dimensional boron network formed by closely regular boron atom octahedrons connected by boron-boron bonds. Each calcium has 24 nearest neighbor boron atoms. The calcium atoms are arranged in a simple cubic packing so that there are cavities between the eight calcium atoms located at the vertices of the cube. The simple cubic structure is extended by introducing octahedral B6 groups filled with calcium and hexaboride groups, similar to CsCl. Another way of describing calcium hexaboride is a CsCl-type structure with metallic B6 2-octahedral polyanions, with calcium atoms occupying the Cs sites and B6 octahedra at the Cl sites. The Ca-B bond length is 3.05 Å, and the BB bond length is 1.7 Å. The NMR NMR data of Ca contained a δ peak at -56.0 ppm and a δ iso at -41.3 ppm, where the maximum peak width of the δ iso was taken as 0.85, and the negative shift was due to the high coordination number.
Applications ofCalcium boride Calcium boride is used to manufacture boron alloy steels and as a deoxidizing agent in producing oxygen-free copper. The latter results in higher conductivity than conventional phosphorus-deoxidized copper due to the low solubility of boron in copper. [6] CaB6 can also be used as high-temperature, surface protection, abrasives, tools, and wear-resistant materials. CaB6 has excellent electrical conductivity and low work function, so it can be used as a hot cathode material. When used at high temperatures, calcium boride will be oxidized, causing its performance to decrease and shortening its service life. CaB6 is also a promising candidate for n-type thermoelectric materials because its power factor is not smaller than that of common thermoelectric materials Bi2Te3 and PbTe. CaB6 can also be used as an antioxidant in carbon-bonded refractories.
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