What is Zirconium diboride? Higher energy ball milling technique was successfully applied for mechanosynthesis of ZrB2–Al2O3 nanocomposite by means of the aluminothermic reduction. Synthesis in Al/B2O3/ZrO2 system found to possess a self-sustaining nature having an ignition time of 13 min. Examination of the sub-reactions revealed that boron oxide is easily reduced by Al, while Al cannot reduce ZrO2to Zr in a self-sustaining manner. It was concluded that the great deal of heat generated through the reduction of boron oxide by Al together with the large amount. The amount of boron oxide was recognized to be a critical parameter which can alter the magnitude of reaction heat and consequently cause the system to undergo a transition from a gradual state to a self-sustaining one.
ZrB2 was completely synthesized after the ignition time The ignition time was around 17 min. It is evident from the relevant XRD patterns that ZrB2 was completely synthesized after the ignition time of 17 min. Elemental boron used in this section was amorphous. Thus, only zirconium is observed in the XRD pattern of initial materials. Consequently, individual study of these sub-systems confirms the validity of the proposed mechanism. As mentioned already, which is a self-sustaining reaction, is a combination of two self-sustaining reactions and one non- self-sustaining reaction. According to the previously proposed mechanism, B and Zr elements must be obtained at first to form ZrB2. But, the self-sustaining reduction reaction of boron oxide is not basically the same as non-self-sustaining reduction reaction of zirconium oxide. Therefore, it would be interesting to understand how the latter nonself-sustaining reaction converts to a self-sustaining one.
Major phases are still initial ZrO2 The first exotherm starts at about 950°C extending to about 1050°C. The XRD patterns taken before (950°C) and after (1050°C) the first exotherm are shown in Fig. 11. It can be seen at 950°C that the small peaks related to the products such as ZrB2, Al2O3 and Al3Zr have appeared together with the sharp peaks of initial reactants. With rising the heating temperature to 1050°C, the peaks of ZrB2, Al2O3 and Al3Zr have been sensibly intensified and a slight amount of Al2Zr phase has appeared, although the major phases are still initial ZrO2 and Al. It can be concluded that the first exotherm loook at about 1000°C is attributed to the reduction of boron oxide by the corresponding stoichiometric portion of Al with the side product of alumina. A little amount of zirconia has also been reduced because of the high temperature resulted from the heat generated by the reaction between Al/B2O3, together with subsequent formation of small amounts of ZrB2 through the reaction between reduced Zr and B elements. An Alrich zirconium aluminide (Al3Zr) begins to form around the first exotherm whose amount increases with increasing temperature. Formation of this phase is due to the presence of slight amounts of reduced Zr along with great amounts of Al which can react at high temperatures. At higher temperatures, another less Al-rich zirconium aluminide (Al2Zr) also finds the chance to be formed. These intermediate compounds are formed in a gradual diffusional mode which is evident from the broad appearance of the DSC graph around the two exhotherms. Therefore, no characteristic exotherm can be cited for their formation.
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