The boron content in the earth's crust is 0.001%. Boron is a black or silver-gray solid. The crystalline boron is black, its hardness is only lower than diamond, and its texture is brittle. Boron is named after Arabic, meaning "flux". It means that the ancient Arabs already knew that borax had the ability to melt metal oxides and used it as a flux in welding.
Boron is a black or dark brown powder, which prevents the internal boron from continuing to oxidize due to the formation of a boron trioxide film during oxidation in the air. Boron powder can react with fluorine at normal temperature without being corroded by hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution. Boron is not soluble in water, and powdered boron is soluble in boiling nitric acid and sulfuric acid.
Properties of amorphous boron powder:
The chemical properties of amorphous boron powder are more active than those of crystalline elemental boron. Because crystalline boron is very hard, it is often used instead of a diamond to make cutting tools or drill bits. During the metal smelting process, a small amount of boron is added as a deoxidizer, on the one hand, to prevent oxidation of the metal at high temperatures; on the other hand, it forms an alloy to improve the mechanical properties of the metal. For example, boron copper is used to making control rods for atomic reactors.
Amorphous boron powder will become a critical energy material, and its application in composite solid fuels has already been valued. As a solid fuel, the calorific value of boron is much more than double that of carbon, about twice that of aluminum, and more than twice that of magnesium. The volumetric calorific value is almost three times that of hydrocarbon fuels, and its density is only slightly lower than aluminum.
Amorphous boron powder has the highest calorific value. As far as its energy is concerned, boron should be the best non-metal fuel. And because of its irregular shape and large specific surface area, the ignition temperature of amorphous boron is greatly reduced.
Application of amorphous boron powder:
1. For pyrotechnic additives, boron should be the best non-metal fuel in terms of its energy. And because of its irregular shape and large specific surface area, the ignition temperature of boron powder is greatly reduced;
2. Boron powder is also an important raw material for the production of high-purity boron halide, and other boride raw materials are prepared;
3. Oxygen-free copper smelting deoxidizer, adding a small amount of boron powder during metal smelting, on the one hand, it acts as a deoxidizer to prevent the metal from oxidizing at high temperatures;
4. As an alloy component in special metal products, form alloys to improve the mechanical properties of metals.
5. Boron powder can also be used as welding aid;
6. Solid rocket fuel;
7. Automobile airbag initiator;
8. Magnesium-carbon brick additive for steelmaking high-temperature furnace;
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