By LZH | 11 August 2023 | 0 Comments
Identify zones of yttrium nitride
What is yttrium nitride?
Despite the tendency of YN to hydrolyze upon contact with water (including that contained in the atmosphere) and oxidize upon heating in an oxygen-containing environment, the Ti-TiN-(Ti, Y, Al)N coating demonstrated fairly good wear resistance. After 16 min of cutting, the worn area on the rake face still demonstrates undamaged fragments of not only the transition layer but also the wear-resistant layer of the coating. A possible reason for the lack of complete oxidation or noticeable hydrolysis of (Y, Ti, Al)N may be the protective functions of the layers with the dominance of (Ti, Al)N, which protect the underlying layers of (Y, Ti, Al)N from early oxidative damage. Another reason for the described phenomenon may be substituting the YN phase (which is prone to hydrolysis and thermal oxidation) for the solid solution phase of (Y, Ti, Al)N, the properties of which may differ. At the same time, the oxide layers formed on the surface of the coating improve the tribological conditions in the cutting zone and thus slow down the tool wear rate.
Identify zones of yttrium nitride
Due to the small area of the studied regions, no reliable SAED analysis can be conducted. However, the elemental composition analysis makes it possible to identify zones of possible oxidation. The surface of the coating includes a layer up to 75 nm thick, in which an insignificant content of Y is combined with the high content of Ti and Al. The content of oxygen in this layer is also high. It can be assumed that the oxides of Al2O3 and TiO2 are formed due to oxidation and spinodal decomposition. The next two, Points 2 and 3, exhibit an increased content of yttrium with a high content of oxygen retained and a decrease in the content of Ti and Al. It can be assumed that yttrium oxide (Y2O3) is predominantly formed in this region. The insignificant presence of iron and chromium in the outer layers of the coating can be explained by the diffusion of these elements from the machined material. The analysis of the distribution of elements in the outer layers of the worn coating finds some increase in oxygen content at Point 2, in which an increased yttrium content is also detected. Since Point 2 is located farther from the coating surface than Point 1, and the oxygen content at Point 2 is higher, it can be assumed that the high oxygen content is associated with the active transformation of YN → Y2O3. This conclusion is also confirmed by the results of Regions 6 and 7 analysis. Whereas Region 6 (with the dominant yttrium content of 36.03 at.%) has a high oxygen concentration (45.63 at.%), then in Region 7, with the dominance of titanium (49.14 at.%), the content of oxygen is noticeably lower (26.20 at.%). This may also indicate the predominant formation of yttrium oxide with a significantly less intense formation of titanium and aluminum oxides or the absence of these oxides in the considered region. Despite the active oxidation processes in the surface layers, the (Ti, Y, Al)N coating with a high yttrium content showed a rather high efficiency. As a direction for further research, studying the oxidation processes in the coating at different yttrium contents would be interesting. Thus, it is possible to establish both the yttrium content, which is optimal for the tool life, and the ratio of the negative (coating wear) and positive (tribological conditions optimization) influence of oxidative processes on the general properties of the coating.
Conclusions of yttrium nitride
The studies were focused on the properties of the Ti-TiN-(Ti, Y, Al)N multilayer composite coating with a high content (about 40 at.%) of yttrium in its wear-resistant layer. The Ti-TiN-(Ti, Y, Al)N coating is characterized by a considerably high hardness (HV 2758 ± 78) with an elastic modulus of 356 ± 24 GPa. The study of the wear resistance of the Ti-TiN-(Ti, Y, Al)N-coated tools during the turning of steel in comparison with the wear resistance of the tools with the reference coating of Ti-TiN-(Ti et al.)N and the uncoated tools detect a noticeable increase in the wear resistance on the rake face (250%–270%) for the tools with both coatings. With the wear rates of the coated tools being fairly close, the tool life with the reference coating (Ti et al.)N was slightly longer (by 10%–15%). During the wear process, active oxidation processes occur in the layers of the Ti-TiN-(Ti, Y, Al)N coating that is in contact with the cut material flow. The mentioned processes consist of the dominant formation of yttrium oxide of Y2O3 with a possible slight formation of oxides of Al2O3 and TiO2. Thus, for the described cutting conditions, the mechanisms of oxidative wear dominate the coating.
Price of Yttrium nitride
Yttrium nitride particle size and purity will affect the product's Price, and the purchase volume can also affect the cost of Yttrium nitride. A large amount of large amount will be lower. The Price of Yttrium nitride is on our company's official website.
Yttrium nitride supplier
Luoyang Tongrun Nano Technology Co. Ltd. (TRUNNANO) Luoyang City, Henan Province, China, is a reliable and high-quality global chemical material supplier and manufacturer. It has more than 12 years of experience providing ultra-high quality chemicals and nanotechnology materials, including Yttrium nitride, nitride powder, graphite powder, sulfide powder, and 3D printing powder. If you are looking for high-quality and cost-effective Yttrium nitride, you are welcome to contact us or inquire at any time.
Despite the tendency of YN to hydrolyze upon contact with water (including that contained in the atmosphere) and oxidize upon heating in an oxygen-containing environment, the Ti-TiN-(Ti, Y, Al)N coating demonstrated fairly good wear resistance. After 16 min of cutting, the worn area on the rake face still demonstrates undamaged fragments of not only the transition layer but also the wear-resistant layer of the coating. A possible reason for the lack of complete oxidation or noticeable hydrolysis of (Y, Ti, Al)N may be the protective functions of the layers with the dominance of (Ti, Al)N, which protect the underlying layers of (Y, Ti, Al)N from early oxidative damage. Another reason for the described phenomenon may be substituting the YN phase (which is prone to hydrolysis and thermal oxidation) for the solid solution phase of (Y, Ti, Al)N, the properties of which may differ. At the same time, the oxide layers formed on the surface of the coating improve the tribological conditions in the cutting zone and thus slow down the tool wear rate.
Identify zones of yttrium nitride
Due to the small area of the studied regions, no reliable SAED analysis can be conducted. However, the elemental composition analysis makes it possible to identify zones of possible oxidation. The surface of the coating includes a layer up to 75 nm thick, in which an insignificant content of Y is combined with the high content of Ti and Al. The content of oxygen in this layer is also high. It can be assumed that the oxides of Al2O3 and TiO2 are formed due to oxidation and spinodal decomposition. The next two, Points 2 and 3, exhibit an increased content of yttrium with a high content of oxygen retained and a decrease in the content of Ti and Al. It can be assumed that yttrium oxide (Y2O3) is predominantly formed in this region. The insignificant presence of iron and chromium in the outer layers of the coating can be explained by the diffusion of these elements from the machined material. The analysis of the distribution of elements in the outer layers of the worn coating finds some increase in oxygen content at Point 2, in which an increased yttrium content is also detected. Since Point 2 is located farther from the coating surface than Point 1, and the oxygen content at Point 2 is higher, it can be assumed that the high oxygen content is associated with the active transformation of YN → Y2O3. This conclusion is also confirmed by the results of Regions 6 and 7 analysis. Whereas Region 6 (with the dominant yttrium content of 36.03 at.%) has a high oxygen concentration (45.63 at.%), then in Region 7, with the dominance of titanium (49.14 at.%), the content of oxygen is noticeably lower (26.20 at.%). This may also indicate the predominant formation of yttrium oxide with a significantly less intense formation of titanium and aluminum oxides or the absence of these oxides in the considered region. Despite the active oxidation processes in the surface layers, the (Ti, Y, Al)N coating with a high yttrium content showed a rather high efficiency. As a direction for further research, studying the oxidation processes in the coating at different yttrium contents would be interesting. Thus, it is possible to establish both the yttrium content, which is optimal for the tool life, and the ratio of the negative (coating wear) and positive (tribological conditions optimization) influence of oxidative processes on the general properties of the coating.
Conclusions of yttrium nitride
The studies were focused on the properties of the Ti-TiN-(Ti, Y, Al)N multilayer composite coating with a high content (about 40 at.%) of yttrium in its wear-resistant layer. The Ti-TiN-(Ti, Y, Al)N coating is characterized by a considerably high hardness (HV 2758 ± 78) with an elastic modulus of 356 ± 24 GPa. The study of the wear resistance of the Ti-TiN-(Ti, Y, Al)N-coated tools during the turning of steel in comparison with the wear resistance of the tools with the reference coating of Ti-TiN-(Ti et al.)N and the uncoated tools detect a noticeable increase in the wear resistance on the rake face (250%–270%) for the tools with both coatings. With the wear rates of the coated tools being fairly close, the tool life with the reference coating (Ti et al.)N was slightly longer (by 10%–15%). During the wear process, active oxidation processes occur in the layers of the Ti-TiN-(Ti, Y, Al)N coating that is in contact with the cut material flow. The mentioned processes consist of the dominant formation of yttrium oxide of Y2O3 with a possible slight formation of oxides of Al2O3 and TiO2. Thus, for the described cutting conditions, the mechanisms of oxidative wear dominate the coating.
Price of Yttrium nitride
Yttrium nitride particle size and purity will affect the product's Price, and the purchase volume can also affect the cost of Yttrium nitride. A large amount of large amount will be lower. The Price of Yttrium nitride is on our company's official website.
Yttrium nitride supplier
Luoyang Tongrun Nano Technology Co. Ltd. (TRUNNANO) Luoyang City, Henan Province, China, is a reliable and high-quality global chemical material supplier and manufacturer. It has more than 12 years of experience providing ultra-high quality chemicals and nanotechnology materials, including Yttrium nitride, nitride powder, graphite powder, sulfide powder, and 3D printing powder. If you are looking for high-quality and cost-effective Yttrium nitride, you are welcome to contact us or inquire at any time.
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